外国企业常驻代表机构登记管理办法(附英文)
国家工商局
外国企业常驻代表机构登记管理办法(附英文)
一九八三年三月五日国务院批准
第一条 为了对外国企业及其他外国经济组织在中国设立的常驻代表机构进行登记管理，保障其正当业务活动，根据《中华人民共和国国务院关于管理外国企业常驻代表机构的暂行规定》（以下简称《暂行规定》），制定本办法。
第二条 按照《暂行规定》第四条经批准的外国企业及其他外国经济组织的常驻代表机构（以下简称外国企业常驻代表机构），依照本办法办理登记。
第三条 外国企业常驻代表机构，应当是从事非直接经营活动的代表机构。但是，两国政府已有协议规定的，按其规定办理。
第四条 外国企业常驻代表机构登记机关是中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局。国家工商行政管理局委托省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局办理登记手续。
第五条 外国企业常驻代表机构登记的主要事项有：机构名称、驻在地址、代表人数和姓名、业务范围、驻在期限。
第六条 外国企业及其他经济组织，申请在中华人民共和国境内设立常驻代表机构的报告经批准机关批准后，须在批准之日起三十日内，向所在省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局办理登记。
第七条 外国企业及其他经济组织申请办理常驻代表机构登记时，须提交下列证件：
（一）中华人民共和国批准机关的批准证件；
（二）《暂行规定》第三条规定的证件和材料。
第八条 登记机关对外国企业及其他经济组织申请办理常驻代表机构登记所提交的证件，经审查符合本办法的，准予办理登记，收取登记费，发给登记证和代表证。
外国企业常驻代表机构凭批准证件和登记证、代表证到公安、银行、海关、税务等部门办理居留及其他有关事宜。
第九条 从登记机关核准登记之日起，外国企业常驻代表机构即告正式成立。其机构和代表的正当业务活动受中华人民共和国法律保护。
未经批准、登记的，不得开展外国企业常驻代表机构的业务活动。
第十条 外国企业常驻代表机构聘请工作人员，必须按照《暂行规定》第十一条规定办理，并须及时报登记机关备案。
第十一条 外国企业常驻代表机构登记证的有效期限为一年。逾期需要继续常驻的，必须办理延期登记。
外国企业常驻代表机构办理延期登记，必须在期满前三十日内，向登记机关提交年度业务活动情况报告（中文本）及延期申请书；如果批准机关批准的驻在期限届满，还须提交原批准机关的延期批准证件，填写延期登记表。经登记机关核准后，缴回原登记证，领取新登记证。
第十二条 外国企业常驻代表机构变更机构名称、代表人数和姓名、业务范围、驻在地址时，应向登记机关提交变更登记申请书和批准机关的批准证件，办理变更登记。
更换代表时，须提交派出代表的外国企业或者其他外国经济组织对新任代表的授权书及其简历。
第十三条 外国企业常驻代表机构驻在期满或者提前终止业务活动或者派出企业宣告破产时，应向登记机关办理注销登记手续。在办理注销登记时，须提交税务部门、银行、海关出具的税务、债务和其他有关事宜清理完结的证件，准予注销，缴销登记证。
如有未了事宜，原申请设立常驻代表机构的外国企业及其他外国经济组织，必须继续承担清理责任。
第十四条 中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局和省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局，有权在本办法规定范围内对外国企业常驻代表机构的活动进行监督检查。
在执行监督检查职务时，工商行政管理局工作人员须出示专用工作证。外国企业常驻代表机构必须据实报告，并提供有关资料和情况，不得拒绝或者隐瞒。
第十五条 外国企业常驻代表机构违反本办法有下列情形之一的，国家工商行政管理局根据情节轻重分别给予下列处罚：
（一）外国企业常驻代表机构违反本办法第三条规定直接从事经营活动的，责令其停止经营活动，并处以人民币两万元以下罚款。
（二）应该办理变更登记而不办理擅自改变原登记事项的，或者应该办理注销登记而不办理的，经查实后给予通告，情节严重的，处以人民币五千元以下罚款，直至吊销登记证。
外国企业常驻代表机构从事投机诈骗等违法活动的，登记机关应依法没收其非法所得的全部财物并处以罚款，直至吊销登记证。触犯中华人民共和国刑法的，送司法机关依法处理。
第十六条 外国企业及其他经济组织未经批准、登记，擅自从事常驻代表机构业务活动的，责令其停止业务活动，并处以人民币一万元以下罚款。
第十七条 外国企业及其他外国经济组织申请在中华人民共和国境内派驻常驻代表的，亦按照本办法办理登记。
第十八条 华侨、港澳同胞经营的公司、企业申请在国内设立常驻代表机构的，参照本办法办理登记，领取华侨、港澳企业常驻代表机构登记证。
第十九条 在国外的中外合资企业，经批准在国内设立代表机构的，也参照本办法办理登记。
第二十条 本办法自一九八三年三月十五日施行。(附英文)
MEASURES FOR ADMINISTRATION OF REGISTRATION OF RESIDENT OFFICES OFFOREIGN ENTERPRISES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
MEASURES FOR ADMINISTRATION OF REGISTRATION OF RESIDENT OFFICES OF
FOREIGN ENTERPRISES
(Approved by the State Council on March 5, 1983, promulgated by
the State Administration for Industry and Commerce on March 15, 1983)
Article 1
In accordance with the Interim Provisions of the State Council of the
People's Republic of China Concerning the Control of Resident Offices of
Foreign Enterprises in China (hereinafter referred to as "the Interim
Provisions"), these Measures are formulated to carry out the registration
administration of resident offices in China of foreign enterprises and
other economic organizations and to enable them to conduct their
legitimate business activities.
Article 2
Resident offices of foreign enterprises in China and other economic
organizations (hereinafter referred to as "resident offices of foreign
enterprises"), which have been approved in accordance with Article 4 of
the Interim Provisions, shall go through the registration procedures
prescribed in these Measures.
Article 3
Resident offices of foreign enterprises shall be understood as those
engaging in non-direct-profit-making operations. But, for those provided
for in the agreements between the Chinese government and the governments
of their countries of origin, they shall be dealt with accordingly.
Article 4
The State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's
Republic of China is the organ for the registration of resident offices of
foreign enterprises. It shall empower the administrative departments for
industry and commerce in the provinces, autonomous regions and the
municipalities directly under the Central Government to handle the
registration procedures.
Article 5
The main items to be registered for the resident office of a foreign
enterprise are: name of the office, address of residence, number of
representatives and their names, business scope and period of residence.
Article 6
Foreign enterprises and other economic organizations shall go through the
prescribed registration procedures at the administrative departments for
industry and commerce in the provinces, autonomous regions and the
municipalities directly under the Central Government where the said
offices are to be located within 30 days from the date when their
applications for setting up resident offices within the territory of the
People's Republic of China are approved by the approving authorities.
Article 7
A foreign enterprise or an economic organization shall submit the
following documents in applying for the registration of a resident office:
1. the approval document issued by the approving authorities of the
People's Republic of China;
2. the documents and data as listed in Article 3 of the Interim
Provisions.
Article 8
If the documents submitted by a foreign enterprise or an economic
organization for registration are established as conforming to these
Measures through examination, the registration office shall grant
permission to register and issue a certificate of registration and
certificates for the representatives after the registration fee is paid.
The resident office of a foreign enterprise shall, on the strength of the
document of approval, certificate of registration and certificates for the
representatives, register with the public security organ, banks and the
Customs and tax authorities and other departments for residence permits
and other related matters.
Article 9
The resident office of a foreign enterprise is deemed as formally
established from the date of its registration and the legitimate
activities of the said office and its representatives shall therefrom be
protected by the laws of the People's Republic of China.
A resident office that has not been approved and registered shall not
proceed with its business activities.
Article 10
In engaging the service of Chinese personnel, the resident office of a
foreign enterprise must follow the provisions prescribed in Article 11 of
the Interim Provisions and promptly report this to the registration
authorities for the record.
Article 11
The registration certificate for the resident office of a foreign
enterprise is valid for a period of one year. The said office must, upon
the end of the period, renew the aforesaid document if it wishes to
continue its residence.
To renew its registration, the resident office of a foreign enterprise
must, within 30 days before the date of the expiry of its certificate of
registration, submit to the registration authorities an annual report of
its business operations (in Chinese) and an application for renewal. In
case where the term of residence approved for a resident office expires,
the document of approval for renewal issued by the same authorities must
also be submitted at the time of renewing the registration and a form for
renewal shall be filled out. After examination by the registration office,
the original certificate shall be turned in and a new certificate of
registration shall be issued.
Article 12
When the resident office of a foreign enterprise wishes to make
alterations with regard to the name of the office, the number of
representatives and their names, the scope of business and the address of
the resident office, an application for alterations shall be filed with
the registration office together with the document of approval issued by
the approving authorities before going through the prescribed procedure
for alterations. Where there is a change of representatives, a power of
attorney issued by the foreign enterprise or economic organization shall
be submitted together with the resumes of the new representatives.
Article 13
If the resident office of a foreign enterprise desires to terminate its
business operations upon or before the expiration of the term of
residence, or the enterprise represented by the office declares
bankruptcy, it shall go through the deregistration procedure at the
registration office. In going through the deregistration procedure,
documents issued by the tax authorities, banks and Customs to certify the
clearing up of taxes, liabilities and other related matters shall be
produced before approval is granted for the deregistration and the
cancellation of the certificate of registration. Should the said office
leave any matter unsettled, the foreign enterprise or economic
organization the office represents shall be held responsible for the
settlement of that matter.
Article 14
The State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People's
Republic of China and the administrative departments for industry and
commerce in the provinces, autonomous regions and the municipalities
directly under the Central Government are entitled to supervise and check
on the business activities of the resident offices of foreign enterprises
in accordance with the stipulations in these Measures.
In carrying out the check-up and supervision, the staff members of the
said departments shall present identification cards specially issued for
that purpose. The resident offices must report honestly and provide such
information and data as required. Refusal to report or holding back
information shall not be allowed.
Article 15
Any of the following violations of the provisions in these Measures shall
be punished by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce
according to the seriousness of the case:
1. The resident office of a foreign enterprise proven to have engaged in
direct profit-making operations in violation of the provisions of Article
3 of these Measures shall be ordered to stop its business operations and
be punished concurrently with a fine of 20,000 yuan (RMB) or less.
2. The resident office of a foreign enterprise proven to have altered any
item registered without going through the required procedure or failed to
deregister when it ought to shall be given a notice of warning which is to
be circulated. For more serious cases, a fine of up to 5,000 yuan (RMB) or
less shall be imposed or even the registration certificate be revoked.
When the resident office of a foreign enterprise is found to have engaged
in speculation, frauds and other unlawful activities, all the proceeds and
properties thus obtained shall be confiscated in addition to a fine or
even the revocation of the registration certificate on the merit of the
case. Cases that violate the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of
China shall be dealt with by the judicial organs according to law.
Article 16
A foreign enterprise or other economic organizations engaging, without
authorization, in business operations only allowed for resident offices
shall be ordered to stop such activities and a fine of 10,000 yuan (RMB)
or less shall be imposed in addition.
Article 17
These Measures also apply to foreign enterprises and other economic
organizations applying for accrediting their resident representatives
within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China.
Article 18
Companies and other enterprises run by overseas Chinese or by compatriots
from Hong Kong and Macao, when applying for the establishment of resident
offices, shall go through registration procedures with reference to these
Measures so as to obtain registration certificates for the resident
offices of overseas Chinese enterprises and enterprises in Hong Kong and
Macao.
Article 19
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures operating outside China which have
been approved to establish resident offices in China shall also go through
registration procedures with reference to these Measures.
Article 20
These Measures shall go into effect as of March 15, 1983.
洗黑钱的概念及特征
北安市人民法院--王鹤丹
洗钱(MONEY LAUNDERING)，本意指把肮脏的钱清洗干净。据说在二十世纪初期，美国旧金山市一家饭店的老板，看到自己饭店里日常流通的一些硬币沾满了油污，他怕弄脏顾客所戴的白手套而影响饭店的生意，便用洗涤剂将收到的硬币清洗一遍，于是被清洗之后的硬币就象新的一样干净了，这就是洗钱的最早来源。到了二十世纪20年代，美国芝加哥出现了一个以鲁西诺为首的庞大的有组织犯罪集团，他们利用美国经济发展中使用的现代化大规模生产技术，发展自己的犯罪产业，谋求巨额的经济利益。起初，该组织以开洗衣店做掩护，在为顾客洗衣服的同时，向顾客收取现金，然后将这一部分现金连同其贩卖毒品的收入一起向税务机关申报，这样就把毒品收入也变成了合法收入。这就是现代意义上“洗钱”一词的渊源。后来，人们用它来称谓把非法收入合法化的过程。最初的洗钱，实际上是毒品交易的一部分，据联合国统计，每年约有来自毒品交易的5000亿至6000亿美元流入正常的经济流通领域，这样，在国际金融系统中流通的“毒”钱大约有一万多亿美元。现在把对贩毒、走私、抢劫、盗窃、诈骗、贪污、贿赂、逃税等犯罪收入的清洗，都视为洗钱。关于洗钱的概念，目前在不同国家和地区的法律中表述也不尽相同。
1988年12月19日联合国大会在维也纳通过的《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药物公约》(以下简称《联合国禁毒公约)中将毒品犯罪及其洗钱行为规定为国际犯罪。该公约将洗钱定义为:为隐瞒或掩饰因制造、贩卖、运输任何麻醉药品或精神药物所得非法财产之来源、性质、所在，而将该财产转换的即为洗钱。该定义范围较为狭窄。
1990年2月7日，欧洲和北美的15个国家在巴黎召开会议共同研究对付洗钱问题，并为此组建了“金融行动特别工作组”。该组织给洗钱所下定义为:凡隐瞒或掩饰因犯罪行为所取得财物的真实性质、来源、地点、流向及转移，或协助任何与非法活动有关的人规避法律应负责任者，均属洗钱行为。该定义从宽规定洗钱范围，突破了毒品交易所得的局限，将其扩大、延伸到凡是对由犯罪行为所得财物加以隐瞒或掩饰的行为。
1986年，美国国会通过的《洗钱控制法》对洗钱犯罪规定为:1、就法律指定的犯罪种类而言，从事与犯罪相关联资金的金融交易，如果明知其非法性质，并以协助犯罪实施为目的，或者明知交易旨在掩护款项的性质、方位、来原、所有权或控制权，构成联邦刑事犯罪。2、就法律指定的犯罪种类而言，与金融机构从事一刃美元以上犯罪赃款的交易，构成联邦刑事犯罪。3、促使一国内金融机构不予提交，或者提交有重大遗漏或失实的货币交易报告，重构与一个或多个金融机构之间的任何交易，构成联邦刑事犯罪。所谓重构交易，是指犯罪分子和洗钱者对一万美元以上的款项，故意拆零，分别与多个金融机构或一个金融机构的多个分支机构交易，以使每一笔均在报告金额界限以下，从而规避报告的行为。
1991年6月10日，欧共体发布的《关于防止利用金融系统进行洗钱活动的法令》把洗钱定义为:明知是犯罪财产而故意拥有、转移、隐藏、或帮助犯罪分子逃脱法律制裁的行为。
1995年4月联合国发布的《禁止洗钱法律范本》对洗钱做了如下定义:直接或间接参加来自于犯罪收益的财产的交易;接受、拥有、隐匿、掩盖、处理犯罪收益财产或将犯罪收益财产带入所在国;明知或者有理由表明财产来自于非法活动或者间接非法活动变现而来;没有合理的理由，不采取合理的步骤确认财产是否来自于非法活动或者直接或间接从非法活动变现而来。
台湾于1996年通过了《洗钱防制法》。该法规定，洗钱是指:掩饰或者隐匿因自己或他人重大犯罪所得财物或财产性利益;收受、搬运、寄藏、购买或为他人买卖因重大犯罪所得财物或财产上利益提供中介。重大犯罪是指刑法规定最低刑5年以上有期徒刑的犯罪，以及伪造、变造债券、股票或其他有价证券罪、指使他人卖淫罪、拐卖罪、赌博罪、奴役罪、欺骗他人向境外出走罪、隐蔽卖淫罪、诈欺罪、常业重利罪等赢利性犯罪，还有儿童及少年性交易条例、枪炮管理条例、惩治走私条例、证券交易法、银行法、破产法、毒品犯罪法律所规定的重大犯罪。
香港特别行政区有关法律对洗钱的规定是:任何人明知或有充足理由怀疑资金、财产或投资为犯罪所得而帮助一些团伙犯罪组织收藏或管理那些资金所进行的犯罪。
我国是《联合国禁毒公约》的缔约国，承担了在国内实体法中规定洗钱为犯罪的义务。事实上，1990年12月28日全国人大常委会《关于禁毒的决定》第四条第一款就规定:包庇走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品的犯罪分子的，为犯罪分子窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品或者犯罪所得财物的，掩饰、隐瞒出售毒品获得财物的非法性质和来源的，处7年以下有徒刑、拘役或者管制，可以并处罚金。虽然未明确规定洗钱的概念和洗钱犯罪，但这一规定己充分表明我国己将参与洗钱的人或组织列入犯罪并予以处罚之列。我国新《刑法》第191条首次明确了洗钱罪的罪种，规定:明知是毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、走私犯罪的违法所得及其产生的收益，以特定方式掩饰、隐瞒其来源和性质的，处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处或者单处洗钱数额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金;情节严重的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处洗钱数额百分之五以上百分之二十以下罚金。
我国学者对洗钱的定义，主要有以下几种观点:
一、洗钱，是指明知是毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、走私犯罪的违法所得及其产生的收益，而提供资金帐户、协助将财产转换为现金或者金融票据、通过转帐结算等方式协助资金转移、协助将资金汇往境外及以其它方法掩饰、隐瞒其来源和性质，意图使犯罪的违法所得及其收益合法化，避免法律制裁的行为。1
二、洗钱，是指明知是毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、走私犯罪的违法所得及其产生的收益，为掩饰、隐瞒其非法来源和性质，而实施的各种清洗行为。2
三、洗钱，是指明知是毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、走私犯罪的违法所得及其产生的收益，帮助犯罪分子掩饰、隐瞒其非法来源和性质，转移违法所得的行为。3
四、洗钱，是指明知是毒品、黑社会性质的有组织犯罪、走私犯罪的违法所得及其产生的收益，实施法定行为之一，掩饰、隐瞒其来源和性质的行为。4
五、洗钱，是指将犯罪所获黑钱或者赃钱变得干净，是一种犯罪的便利行为。5
六、洗钱，是指将犯罪收入通过金融中介机构加以转移、兑换、购买股票证券或者直接投资，隐瞒、伪装非法所得黑钱的来源、性质和所有人等，从而把黑钱洗净，转为合法收入的一种行为。6
从国内外法学界的研究现状来看，尽管各国对洗钱犯罪的法律规定不尽一致，对洗钱含义的理解也不统 一，但通过对各种观点的综合分析可以看出，作为法律意义上的洗钱行为，一般都具有如下的特征:
一、利用合法金融体系洗钱。不法分子通过银行和非银行金融机构清洗赃款。特别是有一些犯罪嫌疑人使用假身份证在银行开设多个账户，用以转移和隐匿非法所得及其收益。
二、利用地下钱庄进行洗钱。一些犯罪嫌疑人通过地下钱庄将赃款转移出境。
三、利用互联网进行洗钱。不法分子利用网上银行转移赃款，有的还通过网上赌博进行洗钱。
四、通过现金走私进行洗钱。如，不法分子随身携带或将大量现金藏匿于交通工具出入境。
五、通过投资进行洗钱。不法分子通过投资兴建宾馆、开设公司等方式进行洗钱，有的甚至在境外开设公司，为其犯罪所得披上合法外衣。
六、利用进出口贸易进行洗钱。犯罪嫌疑人通过虚报进出口价格或伪造有关贸易单据的方式跨境转移赃款。
七、利用证券期货市场进行洗钱。有些不法分子将资金存入支票，用其买入股票后，将股东账户和其中的股票转托到其他的证券公司，然后将股票卖掉，提取现金。
洗钱之所以受到众多国家和国际组织超乎寻常的关注，是因为它本身具有极大的社会危害性。首先，洗钱为犯罪者安全、自由地支配犯罪赃款创造了条件，为司法部门调查和检控犯罪设置了障碍，从而在事实上起着为各种恶性犯罪，尤其是有组织犯罪推波助澜的作用。其次，洗钱容易引发其他多种犯罪和严重的社会问题。为达到顺利洗钱的目的，犯罪分子和洗钱者常常千方百计拉拢、利诱政府官员和银行职员做内应，由此导致贿赂横行、社会风尚没落和国家工作人员违法、乱纪。最后，洗钱为金融危机埋下隐患。洗钱是具有特定目的的非正常金融活动，涉及金额大，资金转移快，突发性强，极易诱发金融机构资金流动困难;一些金融机构受利益的驱使，与犯罪分子和洗钱者同流合污，大开方便之门，甚至直接从事洗钱，一旦真相暴露，即可引发公众的信任危机，后果不堪收拾。因此，一些受国际犯罪和洗钱严重困扰的国家甚至将洗钱的危害定位为“扰乱整个社会经济的运行秩序，威胁到国家安全”。
